• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    An ammonia dosing system has a canister whose interior contains ammonia luminophores and a delivery apparatus for delivering ammonia from the canister interior into an exhaust after-treatment system to entrain with engine exhaust flowing toward an SCR catalyst for catalytic conversion of NOx in engine exhaust.
    公开号:SE1251150A1
    申请号:SE1251150
    申请日:2012-10-11
    公开日:2013-04-15
    发明作者:James C Bradley；Anthony J Cook；Lev A Datskovskiy；Mark C Bach
    申请人:Int Truck Intellectual Prop Co；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [2] [0002] Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is an exhaust alter-treatmenttechnology for enabling certain chemical reactions to occur betweenoxides of nitrogen (NOX) in exhaust and arnmonia (NH3) introduced ingas phase into an exhaust system upstrearn of an SCR catalyst toentrain With exhaust flowing toward the catalyst where catalyticreactions convert NOX into Nitrogen (N 2) and Water (H20).
    [3] [0003] A motor vehicle which uses SCR technology for after-treatment ofengine exhaust produced by operation of an internal combustionengine carries an on-board supply of ammonia which is stored in oneor more canisters. Such canisters are constructed to be removablefrom a vehicle, re-chargeable at a service facility, and re-installable ina vehicle.
    [4] [0004] Strontium chloride is an example of a storage medium which ispresent inside a canister for storing ammonia in solid phase andreleasing stored ammonia in gas phase When heated to an ammonia release temperature.
    [5] [0005] Because selective catalytic reduction of NOK cannot occur in theabsence of animonia, information about ammonia in an ammoniadosing system would be useful in avoiding potential loss orinterruption of arnmonia flow between an ammonia storage canister and in an exhaust system. _S_n_x¿nmarv of the Disclosure
    [6] [0006] This disclosure introduce-s apparatus and method for acquiringinformation about ammonia in an ammonia dosing system through theuse of optically detectable ammonia.
    [7] [0007] Certairi gases which are typically considered not opticallydetectable can be made optically detectable by certain processes. Aprocess which creates what are called “fluorophore absorber pairs” inan ammonia molecule can render ammonia optically detectable. Thefluorophore absorber pairs radiate absorbed energy at a characteristicwavelength.
    [8] [0008] A gas which has been rendered optically detectable may be said toluminesce or fluoresce. Although the terms “1uminophore” and“fluorophore” are used in scientific literature as descriptors ofmolecules which are optically detectable, it appears that the latter isused to characterize certain species of the former. The process whichcreates fluorophore absorber pairs in an amrnonia rnolecule suggcststhat the molecule is a fluorophore, a species of the generic descriptor“luminophore.” The present applicants will use the term“1uminophore” here as a generic descriptor of an optically detectable molecule.
    [9] [0009] The apparatus and method. disclosed here are useful in an arnmoniadosing system which treats engine exhaust passing through an SCRafter-treatment system using ammonia Which contains ammonialuminophores.
    [10] [0010] The presence of ammonia lurninophores in an ammonia dosingsystem provides luminescence of arnmonia which renders theammonia detectable by optical sensing apparatus.
    [11] [0011] Specific sensing capabilities of optical sensing apparatus are afunction of specific optical sensing technique employed and canextend from merely di stinguishing between the presence and theabsence of ammonia to measuring ammonia quantity and/or ammoniaflow.
    [12] [0012] Several embodiments of apparatus are disclosed.
    [13] [0013] The apparatus and method can reduce the likelihood that anammonia storage canister which contains little or no ammonia beinginstalled in a vehicle.
    [14] [0014] The apparatus and method can indicate quantity of ammoniapresent inside an ammonia storage canister.
    [15] [0015] The apparatus and method can indicate outflow of ammonia froman ammonia storage canister.
    [16] [0016] A general aspect of the diselosed subject matter relates to aninternal cornbustion engine comprising an exhaust after-treatmentsystem comprising an SCR catalyst, and an amrnonia dosing systemcomprising a canister having an interior containing opticallydetectable ammonia and a delivery apparatus for delivering optically detectable ammonia from the canister interior into the exhaust after- Page 3 of 6 137277 treatment system to entrain with engine exhaust flowing toward theSCR catalyst for catalytic Conversion of NOX in the engine exhaust.
    [17] [0017] A monitor of ammonia luminophores comprises at least one opticalsensor for detecting luminescence of ammonia luminophores in theammonia dosing system.
    [18] [0018] The monitor comprises a device providing a signal distinguishinghigh luminescence of ammonia luminophores detected by the at leastone optical sensor and low lumineseence of ammonia luminophoresdetected by the at least one optical sensor.
    [19] [0019] The least one optical sensor provides a measure of lumineseence ofammonia luminophores which the at least one optical sensor detects,and the monitor converts a measure of luminescence of ammonialuminophores which the at least one optical sensor detects into aquantified measure of ammonia.
    [20] [0020] The monitor provides a signal alert when a quantified measure ofarnmonia is less than a predetermined quantity.
    [21] [0021] The canister comprises a port via which the canister separablyconnects to the delivery apparatus, and. the at least one optical sensoris arranged to view luminescence of arnrnonia luminophores Withinthe canister°s interior.
    [22] [0022] When the canistefs port is connected to the delivery apparatus andthe at least one optical sensor detects luminescence of ammonialuminophores greater than a predetermined luminescence, a closure isoperated to allow ammonia flow between the eanister interior and theexhaust afterwtreatment system. When the canister”s port is connectedto the delivery apparatus and the at least one optical sensor detects luminescence of ammonia luminophores less than the predetermined Page 4 of6 D7277 luminescence, the closure is operated to disallow ammonia flowbetween the canister interior and the exhaust aftentreatrnent system.
    [23] [0023] ln a di.sclosed ernbodiment, the closure and the at least one opticalsensor are mounted on the delivery apparatus.
    [24] [0024] Another general aspect of the disclosed subject matter relates to amethod for detection of arnrnonia in an ammonia dosing system whichdelivers ammonia into an engine exhaust after-treatment system toentrain with exhaust flowing toward an SCR Catalyst for catalyticConversion of NOK. The method comprises: installing in the ammoniadosing system an ammonia storage canister which contains arnmonialuminophores; Operating the ammonia dosing system to deliverammonia from the ammonia storage caníster into the exhaust after-treatment system; and using at least one optical sensor to detectluminescence of ammonia luminophores in the ammonia dosingsystem.
    [25] [0025] The method comprises providing a signal distinguishing highluminescence of ammonia luminophores detected by the at least oneoptical sensor and low luminescence of arnmonia Iuminophoresdetected by the at least one optical sensor.
    [26] [0026] The method comprises using a measure of luminescence ofamrnonia luminophores which the at least one optical sensor detects toquantify a measure of ainrnonia.
    [27] [0027] The method provides a signal alert when a quantified measure ofammonia is less than a predeterrnined quantity.
    [28] [0028] The method cornprises arranging the at least one optical sensor toview lurninescence of arnmonia lurninophores in. the canistefs interior and when the at least one optical sensor detects luminescence of Page 5 of 6 D7277 ammonia luminophores greater than a predetennined luminescence,allowing ammonia flow between the canister interior and the exhaustafter-treatment system, and when the at least one optical sensordetects luminescence of ammonia luminophores less than thepredeterrnined Iuminescence, disallowing ammonia flow between the canister interior and the exhaust after-treatment system.
    [29] [0029] Figure 1 is a general schematic diagram of an internal combustionengine which utilizes SCR to convert NOX in engine exhaust bychemical reaction with ammonia introduced into the exhaust.
    [30] [0030] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing more detail.
    [31] [0031] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram similar to Figure 2 but showing a different embodiment.
    [32] [0032] Figure 1 shows a representativa internal combustion engine 10which can be used in stationary or mobile applications. For example,engine 10 may be a diesel engine of the type which propels a motorvehicle such as a truck and which comprises structure forming anumber of engine cylinders 12 inte which fuel is injected by fuelinjectors 14 to combust With air which has entered cornbustionchamber Spaces of engine cylinders 12 through an intake system 16when cylinder intake valves 18 for controlling adrnission of air froman íntake manifold 20 into respective engine cylinders 12 are open.
    [33] [0033] Engine 10 also comprises an exhaust system 22 through which engine exhaust created by combustion of injected fuel in the Page 6 of 6 D7277 combustion chamber spaces to operate engine 10 is conveyed toatmosphere. Cylinder exhaust valves 24 control admission of exhaustfrom respective engine cylinders 12 into an exhaust manifold 26 forfurther conveyance through exhaust system 22.
    [34] [0034] Exhaust systern 22 includes an exhaust after-treatment system 28,including an SCR Catalyst 30 for treating exhaust passing throughalter-treatment system 28 prior to entry into the atmosphere. Anammonia dosing system 32 provides ammonia in gas phase forcatalytic conversion of NOX in the exhaust.
    [35] [0035] Annnonia dosing system 32 comprises at least one ammoniastorage canister 34 and an ammonia dosing controller 36 forcontrolling delivery of arnmonia through an ammonia deliveryapparatus 38 into after-treatment system 28 and for monitoringammonia in the ammonia dosing system.
    [36] [0036] Figure 2 shows one of the storage canisters 34 to comprise awalled enciosure 40 having a port 42 at one axial end via which thecanister separably connects to ammonia delivery apparatus 38.
    [37] [0037] Amrnonia delivery apparatus 38 comprises a tubular conduitterminating is a fittíng 44 to which port 42 separably connects. F itting44 contains at least one optical sensor 46 and a selectivelypositionable closure 48.
    [38] [0038] Canister 34 comprises an interior containing an arnmonia storagemedium 50 for storing annnonia in solid phase and releasing storedammonia in gas phase when heated to an anrnnonia releasetemperature. The stored arnmonia comprises ammonia luminophoresin quantity sufficient to provide for detection by at least one optical sensor 46 even when ainmonia remaining in canister 34 reaches a Page 7 of 6 D7277 point calling for canister replacernent. Figure 2 shows at least oneoptical sensor 46 arranged to view luminescence of opticallydetectable arnmonia within the canister”s interior.
    [39] [0039] The at least one sensor 46 and any associated device or devices,such as a device 52, form a monitor 54 of ammonia luminophores.Specific sensing capabilities of a particular monitor 54 are a functionof specific optical sensing technique employed. A monitor may have acapability extending beyond merely detecting the presence or absenceof arnmonia to a capability of measuring ammonia quantity and/orammonia flow.
    [40] [0040] Device 52 functions to provide a signal distinguishing highluminescence of ammonia luminophores detected by the at least oneoptical sensor 46 and low luminescence of amrnonia luminophoresdetected by the at least one optical sensor 46. Low luminescenceincludes no luminescence.
    [41] [0041] At least one sensor 46 which provides a measure of luminescenceof ammonia luminophores which the at least one optical sensor 46detects can enable monitor 54 to convert a measure of lurninescenceof ammonia luminophores which the at least one optical sensor 46detects into a quantifiecl measure of ammonia in canister 34.
    [42] [0042] Monitor 54 can provide a signal alert when a quantified measure ofannnonia is less than a predetennined quantity. This is useful insignaling that ammonia in a canister presently in use is approachingdepletion and that a fresh canister should be brought on line.
    [43] [0043] When port 42 is connected to fitting 44 so that at least one opticalsensor 46 can. detect .luminescence of ammonia luminophores Within the canister interior, and the detected luminescence is greater than a Page 8 of 6 D7277 predeterrnined luminescence, ammonia dosing controller 36 positionsclosure 48 via an actuator (not shown) to allow ammonia flowbetween the canister interior and after-treatment system 28. When port42 is connected to fitting 44 and at least one optical sensor 46 detectsluminescence of ammonia lurninophores less than the predetenninedluminescence, ammonia dosing controller 36 positions closure 48 todisallow ammonia flow between the canister interior and the afier-treatrnent system.
    [44] [0044] Because of the presence of at least one optical sensor 46 andclosure 48 in association with ammonia dosing controller 36, thepresence of ammonia in a newly installed canister will be verified byat least one sensor 46 detecting luminescence of ammonialuminophores within the interior of the canister and consequentlyanimonia dosing controller 36 Operating closure 48 to allow flow. Ifthe presence of ammonia in a newly installed canister is not verified,ammonia dosing controller 36 maintains closure 48 in the same closedposition which it had assumed when the previous canister wasdisconnected from fitting 44 to disallow flow.
    [45] [0045] The embodirnent of Figure 3 differs from that of Figure 2 in thatthe at least one sensor 46 and closure 48 are mounted on canister port42 rather than on fitting 44. Both the least one sensor 46 and theactuator for Operating closure 48 are to be connected to device 52 and ammonia dosíng controller 36 as shown after port 42 has been connected to fitting 44.
    Page 9 of 6
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [1] 1. l. An internal combustion engine comprising: an exhaust after-treatment system comprising an SCR Catalyst; an ammonia ciosing system comprising a canister having an interiorcontaining ammonia lurninophores and a delivery apparatus for deliveringammonia from the canister interior into the exhaust after-treatment system toentrain With engine exhaust flowing toward the SCR Catalyst for catalytic conversion of NOX in the engine exhaust.
    [2] 2. The internal combustion engine set forth in Claim 1 including a monitorof ammonia luminophores comprising at least one optical sensor for detecting luminescence of ammonia luminophores in the ammonia dosing system.
    [3] 3. The internal conibustion engine set forth in Claim 2 in which the monitorcomprises a device providing a signal distinguishing high luminescence ofammonia luminophores detected by the at least one optical sensor and low luminescence of ainmonia luminophores detected by the at least one optical sensor.
    [4] 4. The internal combustion engine set forth in Claim 2 in which the at leastone optical sensor provides a measure of luminescence of ammonia luminophoreswhich the at least one optical sensor detects, and the monitor eonverts a measure ofluminescence of ammonia luminophores which the at least one optical sensor detects into a quantitative measure of ammonia. Page 10 of6 D7277
    [5] 5. The internal combustion engine set forth in Claim 4 in which the monitorprovides a signal alert when a quantified measure of arnmonia is less than a predeterlnined quantity.
    [6] 6. The internal combustion engine set forth in Claim 2 in which the canistercomprises a port via which the canister separably connects to the deliveryapparatus, and the at least one optical sensor is arranged to view luminescence of ammonia lurninophores within the canistefs interior.
    [7] 7. The internal combustion engine set forth in Claim 6 including a closurewhich, when the canisteifis port is connected to the delivery apparatus and the atleast one optical sensor detects luminescence of amrnonia luminophores greaterthan a predetennined luminescence, allows ammonia flow between the canisterinterior and the exhaust after-treatment system, and which, When the canistefs portis connected to the delivery apparatus and the at least one optical sensor detectsluminescence of ammonia luminophores less than the predetermined luminescence, disallows ammonia flow between the canister interior and the exhaust after- treatment system.
    [8] 8. The internal combustion engine set forth in Claim 7 in which the closure and the at least one optical sensor are mounted on the delivery apparatus.
    [9] 9. A method for detection of amrnonia in an ammonia dosing system whichdelivers arnmonia into an engine exhaust alter-treatment system to entrain with exhaust flowing toward an SCR catalyst for catalytic conversion of NOX, the method comprising: Page 11 ofó D7277 installing in the animonia (losing system an ammonia storage canister whichcontains ammonia luminophores; operating the ammonia dosing system to deliver ammonia from the ammoniastorage canister into the exhaust after-treatment system; and using at least one optical sensor to detect luminescence of ammonia luminophores in the ammonia dosing system.
    [10] 10. The method set forth in Claim 9 comprising providing a signaldistinguishing high luminescenee of ammonia luminophores detected by the atleast one optical sensor and low luminescence of ammonia luminophores detected by the at least one optical sensor.
    [11] 11. The method set forth in Claim 9 comprising using a measure ofluminescence of ammonia luminophores which the at least one optical sensor detects to quantify a measure of ammonia.
    [12] 12. The method set forth in Claim ll including providing a signal alert when a quantified measure of ammonia is less than a predetennined quantity.
    [13] 13. The method set forth in Claim 9 comprising arranging the at least oneoptical sensor to view luminescence of ammonia luminophores in the canistefsinterior and when the at least one opticaí sensor detects luminescence of ammonialuminophores greater than a predeterrnined luminescence, allowing ammonia flowbetween the canister interior and the exhaust after-treatment system, and when theat least one optical sensor detects luminescence of ammonia luminophores lessthan the predetermined luminescence, disallowing ammonia flow between the canister interior and the exhaust after-treatment system. Page 12 of 6
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    同族专利:
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    法律状态:
    2014-07-15| NAV| Patent application has lapsed|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US13/273,455|US20130091827A1|2011-10-14|2011-10-14|Monitor of ammonia in dosing system|
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